Liberation Thesis

A Pan-African awareness and global recognition of blackness as a unifying point for struggle, led to a recognition by numerous marginalized groups that there was potential to politicize their oppression.

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As those governments turned to socialist policies, the state aimed to eliminate gender inequality through state action.

As ideology in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean shifted left, women in newly independent and still colonized countries saw a common goal in fighting imperialism.

However, the Women's Liberation Movement was the first time that the idea of challenging sexism gained wide acceptance.

Literature on sex, such as the Kinsey Reports, and the development and distribution of the birth control pill, created a climate wherein women began to question the authority others wielded over their decisions regarding their bodies and their morality.

Those who were still attached to the radical themes of equality were typically unmarried, employed, socially and economically advantaged and seemed to the larger society to be deviant.

Liberation Thesis

In countries throughout Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, the Middle East and South America efforts to decolonize and replace authoritarian regimes, which largely began in the 1950s and stretched through the 1980s, initially saw the state overtaking the role of radical feminists.They focused their efforts to address gendered power imbalances in their quest for respect of human rights and nationalist goals.This worldwide movement towards decolonization and the realignment of international politics into Cold War camps after the end of World War II, usurped the drive for women's enfranchisement, as universal suffrage and nationhood became the goal for activists.Ideological differences between radicals and moderates, led to a split and a period of deradicalization, with the largest group of women's activists spearheading movements to educate women on their new responsibilities as voters.Organizations like the African National Congress Women's League, the League of Women Voters, the Townswomen's Guilds and the Women's Institutes supported women and tried to educate them on how to use their new rights to incorporate themselves into the established political system.In many countries they were not allowed to go into public spaces without a male chaperone.Married women from countries founded the British colonial system and thus with a legal code based on English law were legally bound to have sex with their husbands upon demand.Marital rape was not a concept, as under law women had given consent to regular intercourse upon marrying.The state and church, placed enormous pressure on young women to retain their virginity.If they worked, positions available to women were typically in light manufacturing or agricultural work and a limited segment of positions in the service industries, such as bookkeeping, domestic labor, nursing, secretarial and clerical work, retail sales, or school teaching.Women were unable to obtain bank accounts or credit, making renting housing impossible, without a man's consent.